![]() ![]() 66Īfter any stadium event, you should convene an after-action meeting that includes representatives of the police and other involved organizations. People at gatherings have a wide variety of personal agendas, and typically only a small minority of people are willing to engage in violent behaviors. 65 Gatherings or crowds do not drive people mad or make them lose control. Assuming that all fans are potentially dangerous will lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. It is also important to note that recent findings on crowd behavior suggest that police will instigate or escalate violence if they treat large groups of people as homogenous entities. 63 Successful violence-reduction strategies in England have stressed deterrence and opportunity reduction. Most experts agree that strategies should emphasize prevention and never confrontation. If we have learned anything from the extreme accounts of spectator violence in Europe, it is that prevention is superior to the most effective response after fan violence begins. These will help you develop and implement an effective response strategy. 3, Shifting and Sharing Responsibility for Public Safety Problems.) General Considerations for an Effective Response Strategyīefore reviewing specific responses to spectator violence, we offer the following general considerations. (For more detailed information on shifting and sharing responsibility, see Response Guide No. In such a circumstance, nonpolice public agencies and private organizations will have to do most of the work in carrying out the response. For example, it might be that redesigning sections of the stadium may be the most effective response. In some cases, you may need to shift the responsibility to those who can implement more-effective responses. ![]() Do not limit yourself to considering what police alone can do: carefully consider whether others in your community share responsibility for the problem and can help police better respond to it. Law enforcement responses alone are seldom effective in reducing or solving such a problem. In most cases, an effective strategy will involve implementing several different responses. It is critical that you tailor responses to local circumstances, and that you can justify each response based on reliable analysis of your local conditions. Several of these responses may be applicable to your community's problem. These strategies are drawn from a variety of research studies, analyses of past spectator violence incidents, and police reports. ![]() The following responses provide ideas for addressing your particular stadium spectator violence problem. Once you have analyzed your local problem and established a baseline for measuring effectiveness, you should consider possible responses to address the problem. Your analysis of your local problem should give you a better understanding of the factors contributing to it. Responses to the Problem of Spectator Violence in Stadiums ![]()
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